Wednesday 25 November 2020

DIEGO MARADONA (10 OCTOBER 1960 - 25 NOVEMBER 2020)

 Legend. Rest In Peace Maradona.

Diego Armando Maradona was born on 30 October 1960, at the Policlínico (Polyclinic) Evita Hospital in Lanús, Buenos Aires Province, to a poor family that had moved from Corrientes Province; he was raised in Villa Fiorito, a shantytown on the southern outskirts of Buenos Aires, Argentina.


His parents were Diego Maradona "Chitoro" (1927–2015) and Dalma Salvadora Franco 'Doña Tota' (1930–2011). They were both born and brought up in the town of Esquina in the north-east province of Corrientes Province, living only two hundred metres from each other on the banks of the Corriente River. In 1950, they left Esquina and settled in Buenos Aires. At age eight, Maradona was spotted by a talent scout while he was playing in his neighbourhood club Estrella Roja. He became a staple of Los Cebollitas (The Little Onions), the junior team of Buenos Aires's Argentinos Juniors


Maradona spent five years at Argentinos Juniors, from 1976 to 1981, scoring 115 goals in 167 appearances before his US$ 4 million transfer to Boca Juniors. Maradona received offers to join other clubs, including River Plate who offered to make him the club's best paid player. Nevertheless, Maradona expressed his will to be transferred to Boca Juniors, the team he always wanted to play for.


Maradona signed a contract with Boca Juniors on 20 February 1981. He made his debut two days later against Talleres de Córdoba, scoring twice in the club's 4–1 win. On 10 April, Maradona played his first Superclásico against River Plate at La Bombonera stadium. Boca defeated River 3–0 with Maradona scoring a goal after dribbling past Alberto Tarantini and Fillol. Despite the distrustful relationship between Maradona and Boca Juniors manager, Silvio Marzolini, Boca had a successful season, winning the league title after securing a point against Racing Club. That would be the only title won by Maradona in the Argentine domestic league.


Maradona played his first World Cup tournament in 1982 in his new country of residence, Spain. Argentina played Belgium in the opening game of the 1982 Cup at the Camp Nou in BarcelonaMaradona played in all five matches without being substituted, scoring twice against Hungary. He was fouled repeatedly in all five games and particularly in the last one against Brazil at the Sarrià, a game that was blighted by poor officiating and violent fouls. With Argentina already down 3–0 to Brazil, Maradona's temper eventually got the better of him and he was sent off with five minutes remaining for a serious retaliatory foul against Batista.


After the 1982 World Cup, in June, Maradona was transferred to Barcelona in Spain for a then world record fee of £5 million ($7.6 million). In 1983, under coach César Luis Menotti, Barcelona and Maradona won the Copa del Rey (Spain's annual national cup competition), beating Real Madrid, and the Spanish Super Cup, beating Athletic Bilbao. On 26 June 1983, Barcelona defeated Real Madrid on the road in one of the world's biggest club games, El Clásico, a match where Maradona scored and became the first Barcelona player to be applauded by archrival Real Madrid fans. The end of the 1983–84 season included a violent and chaotic fight Maradona was directly involved in at the 1984 Copa del Rey final at the Santiago Bernabéu in Madrid against Athletic Bilbao. Maradona got into frequent disputes with FC Barcelona executives, particularly club president Josep Lluís Núñez, culminating with a demand to be transferred out of Camp Nou in 1984. During his two injury-hit seasons at Barcelona, Maradona scored 38 goals in 58 games.



Maradona transferred to Napoli in Italy's Serie A for another world record fee, £6.9 million ($10.48M). Maradona arrived in Naples and was presented to the world media as a Napoli player on 5 July 1984, where he was welcomed by 75,000 fans at his presentation at the Stadio San PaoloMaradona played for Napoli at a period when north–south tensions in Italy were at a peak due to a variety of issues, notably the economic differences between the two. Led by Maradona, Napoli won their first ever Serie A Italian Championship in 1986–87


Maradona captained the Argentine national team to victory in the 1986 World Cup in Mexico, winning the final in Mexico City against West GermanyThroughout the tournament, Maradona asserted his dominance and was the most dynamic player of the competition. He played every minute of every Argentina game, scoring five goals and making five assists, three of those in the opening match against South Korea at the Olimpico Universitario Stadium in Mexico CityHis first goal of the tournament came against Italy in the second group game in Puebla. Argentina eliminated Uruguay in the first knockout round in Puebla, setting up a match against England at the Azteca Stadium, also in Mexico City. After scoring two contrasting goals in the 2–1 quarter-final win against England, his legend was cemented. This match was played with the background of the Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom. Replays showed that the first goal was scored by striking the ball with his hand. Maradona was coyly evasive, describing it as "a little with the head of Maradona and a little with the hand of God". It became known as the "Hand of God".


Napoli would win their second league title in 1989–90, and finish runners up in the league twice, in 1987–88 and 1988–89. Other honours during the Maradona era at Napoli included the Coppa Italia in 1987, (as well as a second-place finish in the Coppa Italia in 1989), the UEFA Cup in 1989 and the Italian Supercup in 1990.


Maradona captained Argentina again in the 1990 World Cup in Italy to yet another World Cup final. An ankle injury affected his overall performance, and he was much less dominant than four years earlier. After losing their opening game to Cameroon at the San Siro in Milan, Argentina were almost eliminated in the first round, only qualifying in third position from their group. In the round of 16 match against Brazil in TurinClaudio Caniggia scored the only goal after being set up by Maradona. In the quarter-final, Argentina faced Yugoslavia in Florence; the match ended 0–0 after 120 minutes, with Argentina advancing in a penalty shootout even though Maradona's kick, a weak shot to the goalkeeper's right, was saved. The semi-final against the host nation Italy at Maradona's club stadium in Naples, the Stadio San Paolo, was also resolved on penalties after a 1–1 draw. This time, however, Maradona was successful with his effort, daringly rolling the ball into the net with an almost exact replica of his unsuccessful kick in the previous round. At the final in Rome, Argentina lost 1–0 to West Germany, the only goal being a penalty by Andreas Brehme in the 85th minute after a controversial foul on Rudi Völler.


At the 1994 World Cup in the United States, Maradona played in only two games (both at the Foxboro Stadium near Boston), scoring one goal against Greece, before being sent home after failing a drug test for ephedrine doping. After scoring against Greece, Maradona had one of the most infamous World Cup goal celebrations as he ran towards one of the sideline cameras shouting with a distorted face and bulging eyes. This turned out to be Maradona's last international goal for Argentina. In the second game, a 2–1 victory over Nigeria which was to be his last game for Argentina, he set-up both of his team's goals on free-kicks, the second an assist to Caniggia.

Maradona began his managerial career alongside former Argentinos Juniors midfield teammate Carlos Fren. The pair led Mandiyú of Corrientes in 1994 and Racing Club in 1995, with little success.  On 29 October 2008, AFA chairman Julio Grondona confirmed that Maradona would be the head coach of the national team. On 19 November 2008, Maradona managed Argentina for the first time when they played against Scotland at Hampden Park in Glasgow, which Argentina won 1–0.  In May 2011 he became manager of Dubai club Al Wasl FC in the United Arab Emirates. Maradona was sacked on 10 July 2012. In August 2013, Maradona moved on to become mental coach at Argentine club Deportivo Riestra. Maradona departed this role in 2017 to become the head coach of Fujairah, in the UAE second division, before leaving at the end of the season upon failure to secure promotion at the club. In September 2018 he was appointed manager of Mexican second division side Dorados. He made his debut with Dorados on 17 September 2018 with a 4–1 victory over Cafetaleros de Tapachula.On 5 September 2019, Maradona was unveiled as the new head coach of Gimnasia de La Plata, signing a contract until the end of the season.After two months in charge he left the club on 19 November 2019.


On 2 November 2020, Maradona was admitted to a hospital in La Plata, supposedly for psychological reasons. A representative of the ex-footballer said his condition was not serious. A day later, he underwent emergency brain surgery to treat a subdural hematoma. He was released on 12 November after successful surgery and was supervised by doctors as an outpatient.On 25 November 2020, at the age of 60, Maradona died of a heart attack at his home in Tigre, Buenos Aires, Argentina. In a statement on social media, the Argentine Football Association expressed "its deepest sorrow for the death of our legend", adding: "You will always be in our hearts." President Alberto Fernández announced three days of national mourning.


Thank you Diego Maradona for a beautiful football. Your football legacy will still remain!


All information was edited from Wikipedia.

Tuesday 24 November 2020

Wednesday 18 November 2020

BAHAN PDPR SEJARAH 1 STPM (18 NOVEMBER 2020)

 












*Tajuk ini pernah ditanya dalam soalan peperiksaan STPM 2014/ulangan STPM 2013. Tajuk ini boleh keluar semula sekiranya pelajar ingin menguasai tajuk ini. Soalan yang pernah ditanya ini lebih spesifik kerana menjurus kepada Jepun dan Jerman. 


Copyright: @juhaimimajid

Monday 16 November 2020

SEJARAH RINGKAS NEGERI SABAH: ERA SYARIKAT BRITISH BORNEO UTARA DAN TANAH JAJAHAN BRITISH 1877-1946


Peta Borneo Utara (Sabah) 1888 (British Library)


Borneo Utara (Sabah Abad ke-19) ditemui pengembara Barat melalui beberapa siri pajakan tanah daripada Kesultanan Brunei pada 29 Disember 1877¹ melalui Sultan Abdul Momin dan Kesultanan Sulu pada 22 Januari 1878²  melalui Sultan Jamal ul-Azam  kepada peniaga dan diplomat berbangsa Austria-Jerman bernama von Overback .

Kiri: Surat perjanjian pajakan pertama ditandatangan Sultan Momin dari Kesultanan Brunei
Kanan: Surat perjanjian pajakan kedua ditandatangan Sultan Jamal ul-Azam dari Kesultanan Sulu

Overbeck memindahkan semua hak perjanjian miliknya kepada Alfred Dent, pengasas North Borneo Provisional Association Ltd yang kemudiannya memohon perkenan Queen Victoria di London untuk mendapatkan dana diraja dan memperolehinya pada 1 November 1881³ dan menukar namanya sebagai British North Borneo Charted Company (Syarikat Berpiagam British Borneo Utara-SBBBU)Petempatan dan juga ibukota pertama Borneo Utara adalah di Kudat selepas Frantz Witti menemui minyak petroleum, 25 km di luar bandar Kudat hari ini iaitu bermula 7 Disember 1881.  Ini diikuti Sandakan selepas William B Pryer membina petempatan pada 21 Jun 1879 dan menjadi ibukota Borneo Utara kedua pada tahun 1884. SBBBU membina petempatan perdagangan di Pulau Gaya pada 1882 kemudian dipindahkan ke daratan dan pada tahun 1899 dikenali sebagai Jesselton (Kota Kinabalu hari ini) oleh Charles Jessel  Jesselton menjadi ibukota Borneo Utara ketiga pada tahun 1946 selepas diambil alih oleh Tanah Jajahan British⁸.

Peta Borneo Utara 1903


SUMBER RUJUKAN

¹ Rozan Yunos (21 September 2008). "How Brunei  lost its northern province". The Brunei Times.

² Rozan Yunos (7 Mac 2013). "Sabah and the Sulu claims". The Brunei Times.

³ Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO.

Hutton, Wendy (2003) "Sabah Colour Guide: Kudat", Natural History Publications (Borneo), 30.

⁵  "Founding of Sandakan" Sabah State Goverment (9 Jun 2015)

⁶ Charles De Ledesma; Mark Lewis; Pauline Savage (2003). Malaysia, Singapora & Brunei.

⁷   "Sabah Tourism Board Official Website" (9 April 2013)

⁸ Muzium Sabah (1992), Sabah's heritage: a brief introduction to Sabah's history and heritage.

⁹ Wikipedia Website


*Penulisan ini dibuat berdasarkan kajian penulis melalui internet dan wikipedia juga sebagai bahan bacaan tambahan untuk rujukan dalam pembelajaran sejarah STPM. Terima kasih.

Saturday 14 November 2020

SELAMAT BERCUTI SEMPENA DIWALI/DEEPAVALI 2020

Happy diwali/deepavali to all my Hindu friends wherever you are during this pandemic time. May the celebration spread joy and light up and have a happy, safe, and blessed.

#HappyDiwali 🪔 

#HappyDeepavali 🪔


*Cuti 13 hingga 16 November 2020


Thursday 12 November 2020

BAHAN PDPR SEJARAH 3 STPM (12 NOVEMBER 2020)

 











* Tajuk ini belum pernah dikeluarkan dalam peperiksaan kecuali tajuk berkaitan Gerakan Anti Penyerahan Sarawak.


Copyright: @juhaimimajid